2006-04-18 - Asmara, Eritrea. Shoshani J, Kupsky WJ, Marchant GH. Department of Biology, University of Asmara
We report morphological data on brains of four African, Loxodonta africana, and three Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, and compare findings to literature. Brains exhibit a gyral pattern more complex and with more numerous gyri than in primates, humans included, and in carnivores, but less complex than in cetaceans.
2006-03-30 - Moscow, Russian Federation. Vinogradov IV, Kochneva GV, Shchelkunov SN, Riabchikova EI.
Electron microscopy was used to study the reproduction of cowpox virus strain EP-2 from elephant in the cells of a primary fibroblast cultures (PFC) and chorion-allantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos (CE).
2006-03-22 - Brighton, United Kingdom. McComb K, Baker L, C. Moss, University of Sussex School of Life Sciences
Here, we use systematic presentations of object arrays to demonstrate that African elephants show higher levels of interest in elephant skulls and ivory than in natural objects or the skulls of other large terrestrial mammals. However, they do not appear to specifically select the skulls of their own relatives for investigation so that visits to dead relatives probably result from a more general attraction to elephant remains.
2005-12-18 - Leipzig, Germany. Krause J, Dear PH, Pollack JL, Slatkin M, Spriggs H, Barnes I, Lister AM, Ebersberger I, Paabo S, Hofreiter M. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig
Our phylogenetic analyses show that the mammoth was more closely related to the Asian than to the African elephant. However, the divergence of mammoth, African and Asian elephants occurred over a short time, corresponding to only about 7% of the total length of the phylogenetic tree for the three evolutionary lineages.
2005-07-03 - Skukuza, South Africa.
African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are mixed feeders, incorporating varying proportions of grass and browse into their diets. Disagreement persists as to whether elephants preferentially graze or browse, and the degree to which the consumption of these foods is a reflection of their local availability. We used stable carbon isotope analysis of feces to investigate seasonal and spatial variation in the diets of elephants from Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa.
2005-06-01 - Lake Buena Vista, United States. Neiffer DL, Miller MA, Weber M, Stetter M, Fontenot DK, Robbins PK, Pye GW. Disney's Animal Programs, Walt Disney World
Standing sedation was provided for 14 clinical procedures in three African elephants (Loxodonta africana) managed by combined protected and modified-protected contact and trained through operant conditioning. An initial hand-injection of detomidine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate at a ratio of 1:1 on a microg:microg basis was administered intramuscularly, with a dosage range of 50-70 mg (12.9-19.7 microg/kg) for each drug.
2005-05-02 - Uppsala, Sweden. SS Lewerin, SL Olsson, K Eld, B Roken, S Ghebremichael, T Koivula, G Kallenius, and G Bolske. National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala
Between 2001 and 2003, there was an outbreak of tuberculosis in a Swedish zoo which involved elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses and buffaloes. Cultures of trunk lavages were used to detect infected elephants, tuberculin testing was used in the giraffes and buffaloes, and tracheal lavage and tuberculin testing were used in the rhinoceroses. Five elephants and one giraffe were found to have been infected by four different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2005-03-03 - Paris, France. Régis Debruyne
Recent molecular phylogenies of the African elephants suggest that there is an evolutionary structure within Loxodonta africana. Some nuclear results (Roca et al., 2001) support the separation of the forest African elephant subspecies L. a. cyclotis as a species distinct from the savannah elephant L. a. africana, on the basis of the recognition of both forming highly divergent (reciprocally monophyletic) clades.
2004-10-12 - Washington, United States. Samuel K. Wasser, Andrew M. Shedlock, Kenine Comstock, Elaine A. Ostrander, Benezeth Mutayoba,and Matthew Stephens. The National Academy of Sciences
Resurgence of illicit trade in African elephant ivory is placing the elephant at renewed risk. Regulation of this trade could be vastly improved by the ability to verify the geographic origin of tusks. We address this need by developing a combined genetic and statistical method to determine the origin of poached ivory. Our statistical approach exploits a smoothing method to estimate geographic-specific allele frequencies over the entire African elephants' range for 16 microsatellite loci, using ...
2004-10-06 - Taipei, Taiwan. Liu CH, Chang CH, Chin SC, Chang PH, Zhuo YX, Lee CC.. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University
A case of fibrosarcoma with lung and lymph node metastases in a 54-year-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is described. After pododermatitis of 2 years duration in the right forefoot, a mass developed in the lateral toenail. At postmortem, metastasis to the right axillary lymph node and both lungs was noted. Microscopic examination of primary and metastatic sites revealed infiltrating bundles of spindle cells, with fairly distinct cell borders, variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplas...
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